Vaginismus: Degrees of Expression, Clinical Forms, Family Parental Environment, Characteristics of Patients and Their Sexual Partners, Reactions to the Pathology, Data of Paraclinical Studies
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The article deals with and characterizes degrees of vaginismus expression, present in a number of classifications, and contains characteristics of the phobic and hysteric (conversion) forms of vaginismus. It presents a clinical case, which contains a detailed description of psychotraumatic circumstances that resulted in phobic vaginismus and supported its existence, as well as a case of penis captivus in a female patient supervised by the author of this article. Self-perception of the women, suffering from vaginismus, and their family and parental environment are described. In particular it is informed that in many women with vaginismus their fathers were extremely critical, imperious, moralistic and threatening. At the same time, they were sexually seductive with their daughters to an excessive degree. It seemed that in some specific way the daughter substituted for her mother. The fathers behaved like jealous lovers, when their daughters went around with men.
On the one hand, they were moralists, but on the other one they extremely concerned themselves with sexuality of their daughters. Also the article points out that half of the patients with vaginismus have alexithymia and discusses the issue of causal relationships between these two conditions. Data about a high rate of comorbid psychic disorders in patients with vaginismus, characteristics of sex partners of women with the above pathology, their responses to the existing disorder as well as information about their sexual dysfunctions are presented. Besides, findings of instrumental physiological examinations (electromyography – EMG) are presented; these demonstrate that women with vaginismus reveal an increased activity of muscles in their pelvic floor both at rest and during induction of vaginismus. The article also contains data, according to which vaginismus is associated with hystrionic-hysterical character traits and sexual distress.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the first publication of original scientific articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows others to distribute work with acknowledgment of authorship and first publication in this journal.
References
Алекситимия. – URL: https://www.psychologies.ru/glossary/01/ aleksitimiya/ (дата обращения: 09.12.2020).
Алекситимия. – URL: wikipedia.org/wiki/Алекситимия#:~:text=Алеитимия%20 (от%20др.,передаче%2C%20словесном%20описании%20своего%20состояния (дата обращения: 09.12.2020).
Здравомыслов В. И., Анисимова З. Е., Либих С. С. Функциональная женская сексопатология. – Алма-Ата: Казахстан, 1985. – 272 с.
Кочарян Г. С. Вагинизм. 2020 – 4-й номер
Мастерс У., Джонсон В., Колодни Р. (Masters W., Johnson V., Kolodny R.) Основы сексологии / Пер. с англ. – М.: Мир, 1998. – x +692 с.
Свядощ А. М. Женская сексопатология. Издание пятое, перераб. и допол. – Кишинев: Штиинца, 1991. – 184 с.
Стоименов Й. А., Стоименова М. Й., Коева П. Й. и др. Психиатрический энциклопедический словарь. – К.: «МАУП», 2003. – 1200 с.
Федорова А. И., Екимов С. В. Вагинизм: учебное пособие. – Санкт-Петербург: Издательство СЗГМУ им. И. И. Мечникова, 2014. – 40 с.
Abraham H. C. Therapeutic and psychological approach to cases of unconsummated marriage // Br Med J. – 1956. – 1 (4971). – P. 837–839. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4971.837.
Atmaca M., Baykara S., Ozer O., Korkmaz S., Akaslan U., Yildirim H. Hippocampus and amygdala volumes in patients with vaginismus // World J Psychiatry. – 2016. – 6 (2). – P. 221–225. DOI:10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.221
Barnes J. Primary vaginismus (Part 1): Social and clinical features. Primary vaginismus (Part 2): Aetiological factors // Ir Med J. – 1986. – 79. – P. 59–65.
Ceylan Tuğrul, Elif Kabakci. Vaginismus and its correlates // Sexual and Marital Therapy. – 1997. – 12 (1). – P. 23–34. DOI: 10.1080/02674659708408199
Chisholm I. D. Sexual problems in marriage: non-consummation // Postgrad Med J. – 1972. – 48 (563). – P. 544–547. DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.48.563.544.
Ciocca G., Limoncin E., Di Tommaso S., Gravina G. L., Di Sante S., Carosa E.,Tullii A., Marcozzi A., Lenzi A., Jannini E. A. Alexithymia and vaginismus: a preliminary correlation perspective // Int J Impot Res. – 2013. – 25 (3). – P. 113–116. DOI:10.1038/ijir.2013.5
Dawkins S., Taylor R. Non-consummation of marriage: a survey of seventy cases // Lancet. – 1961. – 2. – 1029–1033.
Duddle M. Etiological factors in the unconsummated marriage // J Psychosom Res. – 1977. – 21 (2). – P. 157–160. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(77)90083-6.
Ellison C. Vaginismus. Med Aspects // Hum Sex. – 1972. – 6. – P. 34–54.
Friedman L. J. Virgin wives; a study of unconsummated marriages. – London: Tavistock Publications, 1962.
Funda Gungor Ugurlucan, Cenk Yasa, Ömer Demir, Sultan Can, Suleyman Engin Akhan. Vagınısmus – is it a phobıc reactıon? // May 2017 Conference: International Pelvic Pain Society Meeting and 1st Congress of Society of Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis. Istanbul, 2017.
Grafeille N. Profil comportemental des partenaires des femmes vaginiques // Psychol Med. – 1986. – 16. – P. 411–414.
Harrison C. M. Vaginismus // Contracept Fertil Sex. – 1996. – 24. – P. 223–228. [In French]
Hawton K., Catalan J. Sex therapy for vaginismus: characteristics of couples and treatment outcome // Sex Mar Ther. – 1990. – 5 (1). – P. 39–48.
Jeng C. J. Clinical assessment and management of unconsummated marriage – primary vaginal penetration failure // PhD Dissertation. The Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. – San Francisco, 2003.
Jeng Cherng-Jye. The Pathophysiology and Etiology of Vaginismus // Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. – 2004. – 43 (1). – P. 10–15. DOI: 10.1016/S1028-4559(09)60047-4
Kennedy P., Doherty N., Barnes J. Primary vaginismus: a psychometric study of both partners // Sex Mar Ther. – 1995. – 10 (1). – P. 9–22.
Lamont J. A. Vaginismus // Am J Obstet Gynecol. – 1978. – 131 (6). – P. 633–636. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(78)90822-0.
Malleson J. Vaginismus: its management and psychogenesis // Br Med J. – 1942. – 2 (4259). – P. 213–216.
Maseroli E., Scavello I., Cipriani S., Palma M., Fambrini M., Corona G., Mannucci E., Maggi M., Vignozzi L. Psychobiological Correlates of Vaginismus: An Exploratory Analysis // J Sex Med. – 2017. – 14 (11). – P. 1392–1402.
Masters W. H., Johnson V. E. Human Sexual Inadequacy. – Boston: Little, Brown Medical Division, 1970.
O’Sullivan K. Observations on vaginismus in Irish women // Arch Gen Psychiatry. – 1979. – 36 (7). – P. 824–826. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780070102012.
Pacik P. T., Cole J. B. When Sex Seems Impossible. Stories of Vaginismus & How You Can Achieve Intimacy. – Odyne Publsihing. 1st edition, 2010. – 160 p.
Shafik Ali A., El-Sibai Olfat. Study of the pelvic floor muscles in vaginismus: A concept of pathogenesis // European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. – 2002. – 105(1). – P. 67–70.
Silverstein J. L. Origins of Psychogenic Vaginismus // Psychother Psychosom. – 1989. – 52 (4). – P. 197–204. DOI: 10.1159/000288324
Vaginismus. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. – URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginismus (the date of the reference: 27.08.2020)
Van Lankveld J. J., Brewaeys A. M., Ter Kuile M. M., Weijenborg P. T. Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of vaginismus, dyspareunia and mixed sexual pain disorder // J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. – 1995. – 16 (4). – P. 201–209.
Watts G., Nettle D. The role of anxiety in vaginismus: a case-control study // J Sex Med. – 2010. – 7 (1 Pt 1). – P. 143–148. DOI:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01365.x
Yıldırım E. A., Hacıoğlu Yıldırım M., Karaş H. Yaşam Boyu Vajinismus Tanısı Konulan Kadınlarda Depresyon ve Anksiyete Bozukluklarının Yaygınlığı ve Cinsel İşlevlerle İlişkisi [Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders and Their Relationship with Sexual Functions in Women Diagnosed with Lifelong Vaginismus] // Turk Psikiyatri Derg. – 2019. – 30 (1). – P. 9–15.
