Новий погляд на роль фосфоміцину в епоху мультирезистентності збудників інфекцій сечової системи
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Анотація
Сечостатева система – це комплекс органів, які пов’язані між собою анатомічно та фізіологічно. Тому інфекційні хвороби сечових шляхів можуть зачепити сечівник, сечовий міхур та сечовід, нирки та передміхурову залозу.
Інфекції сечовивідних шляхів (ІСШ) характеризуються наявністю бактерій, вірусів, грибів або паразитів у сечовому тракті, які викликають запалення та формують клінічну картину хвороби.
Незважаючи на те, що фосфоміцин – антибіотик з давньою історією, він має унікальні властивості, завдяки яким залишається ефективним засобом антибіотикотерапії ІСШ із стабільно низькими патернами резистентності уропатогенів. Це антибактеріальний препарат із хімічною структурою, що не подібна до інших відомих антибіотиків, та розглядається як вагома альтернатива у лікуванні інфекцій, спричинених мультирезистентними патогенами, має широкий спектр дії щодо грампозитивних і грамнегативних мікроорганізмів, зокрема багатьох резистентних до антибіотиків мікроорганізмів.
Сучасні дані свідчать про здатність проникати у біоплівки уропатогенів, синергічно посилювати транспорт інших антибіотиків всередину бактеріальних клітин, а також про істотне зниження вірулентності патогенів при набутті фосфоміцин-резистентності.
Фосфоміцин має такі переваги, як висока концентрація в сечовивідних шляхах, мінімальний вплив на шлунково-кишкову флору і практична відсутність схильності до формування резистентності.
Сьогодні доведена безпека та ефективність препарату в якості засобу для антибіотикопрофілактики після операцій на нижніх сечових шляхах, трансректальної біопсії передміхурової залози та часто рецидивуючих ІСШ, при лікуванні асимптоматичній бактеріурії та ІСШ під час вагітності, лікуванні хронічного бактеріального простатиту, а також як частини антимікробних заходів при мультирезистентних бактеріальних штамах.
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