Suppositoria Pravenor – a new word in phytoprophylaxis of prostatic diseases
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The prevalence of prostatic diseases is ranged 11% to 74% at the age of 20–65 years. Among the main pathologies affecting the prostate can be identified prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Given that most prostate lesions are accompanied by quite worrisome symptoms, and, given the increasing development of screening markers – diagnosis of the above diseases is high. There are clear standards of both conservative and surgical treatment of these conditions. However, the weak point of the modern urology is prevention of prostatic diseases, and maintaining long periods of remission in chronic processes. The last tasks could be performed with drugs that would have high efficiency with maximum safety, that could allow their long and painless reception. One of such drugs is Pravenor, in the form of rectal suppositoria. It contains 150 mg of extract of saw palmetto (Saw palmetto), 50 mg of the extract of the roots of lovage officinalis (Levisticum officinale), 50 mg extract of flowers of Calendula officinalis. Analyzing the literature with respect to the components of the drug can be concluded that these suppositoria can have anti-inflammatory effect, mild proliferative (within a healthy regeneration) and stimulating the activity of immune system, that leads to the immunomodulatory effects. Due to these effects Pravenor is indispensable in the treatment and prevention of the main pathologies of the prostate.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the first publication of original scientific articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows others to distribute work with acknowledgment of authorship and first publication in this journal.
References
Nickel JC, Elhilali M, Vallancien G. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis: prevalence of painful ejaculation in men with clinical BPH. BJU Int 2005; 95: 571–4.
Roberts RO, Lieber MM, Rhodes T, Girman CJ, Bostwick DG, Jacobsen SJ. Prevalence of a physician-assigned diagnosis of prostatitis: the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status Among Men. Urology 1998; 51:578–84.
Mehik A, Hellström P, Lukkarinen O, Sarpola A, Järvelin M. Epidemiology of prostatitis in Finnish men: a populationbased cross-sectional study. BJU Int 2000; 86: 443–8.
McNaughton Collins M, Meigs JB, Barry MJ et al. Prevalence and correlates of prostatitis in the health professionals follow up study cohort. J Urol 2002; 167:1363–6.
Rosen R, Altwein J, Boyle P, Kirby RS, Lukacs B et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms and male sexual dysfunction: the multinational survey of the aging male (MSAM-7). Eur Urol 2003; 44: 637–49.
Robertson C, Link CL, Onel E, Mazzetta C, Keech M et al. The impact of lower urinary tract symptoms and comorbidities on quality of life: the BACH and UREPIK studies. BJU Int 2007; 99: 347–54.
Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Thompson CL, Milsom I, Irwin D et al. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the USA, the UK and Sweden: results from the Epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study. BJU Int 2009; 104:352–60.
Zlotta AR, Egawa S, Pushkar D, Govorov A, Kimura T et al. Prevalence of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on autopsy in Asian and Caucasian men. Eur Urol 2014; 66: 619–22.
Chamie K, Williams SB, Hershman DL, Wright JD, Nguyen PL, Hu JC. Population-based assessment of determining predictors for quality of prostate cancer surveillance. Cancer. 2015 Aug 26. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29574.
Hsing A.W., Chokkalingam A.P. Prostate cancer epidemiology // Front Biosci. – 2006. – Vol. 11. – P. 1388-1413.
Weidner W, Schiefer HG, Krauss H, Jantos C, Friedrich HJ, Altmannsberger M. Chronic prostatitis: a thorough search for etiologically involved microorganisms in 1,461 patients. Infection. 1991;19:S119.
Krieger JN, Riley DE. Bacteria in the chronic prostatitis-chronic pelvic pain syndrome: molecular approaches to critical research questions. J Urol. 2002;167:2574.
Schaeffer AJ, Knauss JS, Landis JR, Propert KJ, Alexander RB, Litwin MS, et al. Leukocyte and bacterial counts do not correlate with severity of symptoms in men with chronic prostatitis: the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study. J Urol. 2002;168:1048.
Alexander RB, Ponniah S, Hasday J, Hebel JR. Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the semen of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology. 1998;52:744.
Orhan I, Onur R, Ilhan N, Ardicoglu A. Seminal plasma cytokine levels in the diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Int J Urol. 2001;8:495.
Lalani I, Bhol K, Ahmed AR. Interleukin-10: biology, role in inflammation and autoimmunity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997;79:469.
Bostanci Y, Kazzazi A, Momtahen S, Laze J, Djavan B: Correlation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and inflammation. Curr Opin Urol 2013;23:5–10.
Marwick C. Growing use of medicinal botanicals forces assessment by drug regulators. JAMA.1995;273:607–609.
Astin JA. Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a national study. JAMA. 1998;279:1548–1553.
Furnham A, Forey J. The attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs of patients of conventional vs complementary (alternative) medicine. J Clin Psychol. 1994; 50:458–469.
Descotes JL, Rambeaud JJ, Deschaseaux P. Placebo controlled evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of Permixon in benign prostatic hyperplasia after exclusion of placebo responders. Clin Drug Invest.1995;9:291–297.
Cukier J, Ducasso J, Le Guillou M. Permixon versus placebo. Results from multicenter trial. CR Ther Pharmacol Clin. 1999;4:15–21.
Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1098 patients. Prostate.1996;29:231–240.
Debruyne F, Koch G, Boyle P, et al. Comparison of a phytotherapeutic agent (Permixon) with an alpha-blocker (Tamsulosin) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a 1-year randomized international study. Prog Urol. 2002;12:384–394.
Gerber GS, Kuznetsov D, Johnson BC, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of saw palmetto in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology. 2001;58:960–965.
C Iehle, S Delos, O Guirou, et al. Human prostatic steroid 5 alpha-reductase isoforms: a comparative study of selective inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;48:347–352.
S Delos, C Iehle, PM Martin, et al. Inhibition of the activity of basic 5 alpha reductase (type I) detected in DU 145 cells and expressed in insect cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1994;48:347–352.
Delos S, Carsol JL, Ghazarossian E, et al. Testosterone metabolism in primary cultures of human prostate epithelial cells and fibroblasts. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;55:375–383.
Paubert-Braquet M, Cousse H, Raynaud JP, et al. Effect of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens(Permixon) and its major components on basic fibroblast growth factor-induced proliferation of cultures of human prostate biopsies. Eur Urol. 1998;33:340–347.
Bayne C, Donnelly F, Ross M, et al. Serenoa repens (Permixon): a 5alpha-reductase type I and II inhibitor–new evidence in a co-culture model of BPH. Prostate. 1999;40:232–241.
Di Silverio F, Monti S, Sciarra A, et al. Effects of long term treatment with Serenoa repens (Permixon) on the concentrations and regional distribution of androgens and epidermal growth factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 1998;37:77–83.
Boyle P, Robertson C, Lowe F, et al. Meta-analysis of clinical trials of permixon in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2000;55:533–539.
Hruby S, Djavan B, Reissigl A, et al. Progression delay in men with mild symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction: a prospective comparative study of phytotherapy, watchful waiting and placebo. J Urol.2003;169(suppl):A1288. 332.
Vacherot F., Azzouz M., Gil-Diez-DeMedina S., Colombel M., de La Taille A., Lefrere Belda M.A., Abbou C.C., Raynaud J.P., Chopin D.K. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation by the lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoa repens (LSESr, Permixon in benign
prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate.2000;45:259–266.
Vela-Navarrete R., Escribano-Burgos M., Farre A.L., Garcia-Cardoso J., Manzarbeitia F., Carrasco C. Serenoa repens treatment modifies bax/bcl-2 index expression and caspase-3 activity in prostatic tissue from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol. 2005;173:507–510.
Nanor Sirab, Grégoire Robert,Virginie Fasolo, Aurélien Descazeaud, Francis Vacherot, Alexandre de la Taille, Stéphane Terry. Lipidosterolic Extract of Serenoa Repens Modulates the Expression of Inflammation Related-Genes in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial and Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Jul; 14(7): 14301–14320.
Segebrecht S, Schilcher H: Ligustilide: guiding component for preparations ofLevisticum officinale roots. Planta Med 55: 572–573, 1989.
Yarnell E: Botanical medicines for the urinary tract. World J Urol 20: 285–293, 2002.
Schinkovitz A, Stavri M, Gibbons S, Bucar F: Antimycobacterial polyacetylenes from Levisticum officinale. Phytother Res 22: 681–684, 2008.
Metzger BT, Barnes DM, Reed JD: Purple carrot (Daucus carota L.) polyacetylenes decrease lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory proteins in macrophage and endothelial cells. J Agric Food Chem 56: 3554–3560, 2008.
Matsunaga H, Katano M, Yamamoto H, Mori M, Takata K: Studies on the panaxytriol of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Isolation, determination and antitumor activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 37: 1279–1281, 1989.
Kalvatchev Z, Walder R, Garzaro D. Anti-HIV activity of extracts from Calendula officinalis flowers.Biomed Pharmacother. 1997;51:176–180. doi: 10.1016/S0753-3322(97)85587-4.
Perez-Carreon JI, Cruz-Jimenez G, Licea-Vega JA, Arce-Popoca E, Fattel-Fazenda S, Villa-Trevino S. Genotoxic and anti-genotoxic properties of Calendula officinalis extracts in rat liver cell cultures treated with diethylnitrosamine. Toxicol in Vitro. 2002;16:253–258. doi: 10.1016/S0887-2333(02)00005-X.
Yoshikawa M, Murakami T, Kishi A, Kageura T, Matsuda H. Medicinal flowers. III. Marigold. (1): hypoglycemic, gastric emptying inhibitory, and gastroprotective principles and new oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, calendasaponins A, B, C, and D, from Egyptian Calendula officinalis.Chem Pharm Bull. 2001;49:863–870. doi: 10.1248/cpb.49.863.
Eva Jiménez-Medina, Angel Garcia-Lora, Laura Paco, Ignacio Algarra, Antonia Collado, and Federico Garrido. A new extract of the plant calendula officinalis produces a dual in vitro effect: cytotoxic anti-tumor activity and lymphocyte activation. BMC Cancer. 2006; 6:119.
