Nephroprotective Effect of the Herbal Composition BNO 2103 in Rats with Renal Failure
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
This research aims at studying the nephroprotective properties of BNO 2103 in a model of chromate-induced renal failure in rats and at proving the possibility of using BNO 2103 in clinical practice for the complex treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Materials and methods. Fifty rats divided into five groups were studied. The drugs BNO 2103, Prednisolone and Lespephril were administered within 20 days. The excretory function and the functional state of kidneys, blood biochemical parameters and indicators of nitrogen metabolism were determined.
Results. Under the influence of BNO 2103, there was a significant improvement in renal excretory function, in nitrogen metabolism and blood biochemical parameters compared with the control pathology group. BNO 2103 also outperformed the comparators in most indicators.
Conclusions. BNO 2103 has demonstrated nephroprotective, hypoazotemic and diuretic effects; and can be used to implement to the combined therapy of CKD.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the first publication of original scientific articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows others to distribute work with acknowledgment of authorship and first publication in this journal.
References
Grams, M.E.; Levey, S.A.; Coresh, J. Epidemiology of Kidney Disease. In Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney, 11th ed.; Yu, A.S.L., Chertow, G.M., Luyckx, V.A., Marsden, P.A., Skorecki, K., Taal, M.W., Wasser, W.G., Eds.; Elsevier: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2020; Volume 1, pp. 616–639.e5. ISBN 978-0-323-75933-5.
Zhou, Y.; Yang, J. Chronic Kidney Disease: Overview. In Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment; Yang, J., He, W., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 2020; pp. 3–12. ISBN 978-981-32-9131-7.
Ene-Iordache, B.; Perico, N.; Bikbov, B.; Carminati, S.; Remuzzi, A.; Perna, A.; Islam, N.; Bravo, R.; Aleckovic-Halilovic, M.; Hequn, Z.; et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in six regions of the world (ISN-KDDC): A cross-sectional study. Lancet Glob. Health 2016, 4, e307–e319.
Wang, H.; Naghavi, M.; Allen, C.; Barber, R.M.; Bhutta, Z.A.; Carter, A.; Casey, D.C.; Charlson, F.J.; Chen, A.Z.; Coates, M.M.; et al. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016, 388, 1459–1544.
Luyckx, V.; Tonelli, M.; Stanifer, J. The global burden of kidney disease and the sustainable development goals. Bull. World Health Organ. 2018, 96, 414–422D.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2013, 3, 1–150.
Ceban, E. Efficacy of a fixed combination of Centaurii herba, Levistici radix and Rosmarini folium in urinary lithiasis. Z. Phytother. 2012, 33, 19–23.
Ivanov, D.; Abramov-Sommariva, D.; Moritz, K.; Eskötter, H.; Kostinenko, T.; Martynyuk, L.; Kolesnik, N.; Naber, K.G. An open label, non-controlled, multicentre, interventional trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of Canephron® N in the management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs). Clin. Phytosci. 2015, 1, 7.
Sivak, K.V.; Lesiovskaya, E.E.; Stosman, K.I.; Savateeva-Lubimova, T.N. Efficiency of Canephron N in complex treatment of experimental heymann glomerulonephritis. Clin. Phytosci. 2017, 2, 5.
Wagenlehner, F.; Abramov-Sommariva, D.; Höller, M.; Steindl, H.; Naber, K. Non-Antibiotic Herbal Therapy (BNO 1045) versus Antibiotic Therapy (Fosfomycin Trometamol) for the Treatment of Acute Lower Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Multicentre, Non-Inferiority Phase III Trial. Urol. Int. 2018, 101, 327–336.
Nausch, B.; Pace, S.; Pein, H.; Koeberle, A.; Rossi, A.; Künstle, G.; Werz, O. The standardized herbal combination BNO 2103 contained in Canephron® N alleviates inflammatory pain in experimental cystitis and prostatitis. Phytomedicine 2019, 60, 152987.
Martynyuk, L.; Martynyuk, L.; Ruzhitska, O.; Martynyuk, O. Effect of the Herbal Combination Canephron N on Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Comparative Cohort Study. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 2014, 20, 472–478.
Antoniv, A. Optimization of Treating Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis with Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease of the I-II Stages. JMBS 2018, 3, 83–87.
Medved, V. Safety of Canephron® N for the treatment of urinary tract infections in the first trimester of pregnancy. Clin. Phytosci. 2015, 1, 11.
Lokshin, K. Comparative effectivenesss of standard antibiotic therapy and Canephron N asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Urologiia 2018, 3, 54–57.
Davidson, A.V.; Neymark, A.I. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Herbal Remedies Canephron N Application in the Complex Treatment of Patients with Chronic Cystitis. Eff. Pharmacother. 2019, 15, 20–23.
Davidov, M.I.; Voitko, D.A.; Bunova, N.E. Treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women with antibiotic allergy or intolerance. Urologiia 2019, 5, 64–71.
National Research Council (US). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed.; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2011; ISBN 978-0-309-15400-0.
Faith, R.E.; Allen, K.P.; Hessler, J.R. Housing and Environment. In The Laboratory Rat, 3rd ed.; Suckow, M.A., Hankenson, F.G., Wilson, R.P., Foley, P.L., Eds.; Academic Press: London, UK, 2020; pp. 349–417. ISBN 978-0-12-814338-4.
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (Text with EEA relevance). Off. J. Eur. Union 2010, 53, 33–79.
Appel, G.B.; D’Agati, V.D. Primary and Secondary (Non-Genetic) Sauses of Socal and Segmental Slomerulosclerosis. In Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, 6th ed.; Feehally, J., Floege, J., Tonelli, M., Johnson, R.J., Eds.; Elsevier: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2019; pp. 219–231. ISBN 978-0-323-47909-7.
Yarnell, E.L. Botanical Medicines Used for Kidney Disease in the United States. Iran. J. Kidney Dis. 2012, 6, 407–418.
Wedeen, R.P.; Qian, L.F. Chromium-induced kidney disease. Environ. Health Perspect. 1991, 92, 71–74.
Shebeko, S.; Zupanets, I.; Zimina, M. Dose-dependent efficacy of the N-acetylglucosamine and quercetin combination in rats with renal failure. Acta Pharm. Sci. 2020, 58, 154–168.
Estimating the Maximum Safe Starting Dose in Initial Clinical Trials for Therapeutics in Adult Healthy Volunteers. Available online: https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/estimating-maximum-safe-starting-dose-initial-clinical-trials-therapeutics-adult-healthy-volunteers (accessed on 10 August 2020).
Flecknell, P.A. Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, 4th ed.; Academic Press: London, UK, 2015; ISBN 978-0-12-800036-6.
Koeppen, B.M.; Stanton, B.A. Renal Physiology, 6th ed.; Elsevier: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2019; ISBN 9780323595681.
Lamb, E.J.; Jones, G.R.D. Kidney Function Tests. In Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 8th ed.; Rifai, N., Horvath, A.R., Wittwer, C.T., Eds.; Elsevier: St. Louis, MO, USA, 2019; pp. 359–376. ISBN 978-0-323-53044-6.
Blamires, T.L. Amino Acids and Proteins. In Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations, 8th ed.; Bishop, M.L., Fody, E.P., Schoeff, L.E., Eds.; Wolters Kluwer: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2018; pp. 203–243. ISBN 9781496335586.
Bancroft, J.D. Light microscopy. In Bancroft’s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, 8th ed.; Suvarna, S.K., Layton, C., Bancroft, J.D., Eds.; Elsevier: St. Louis, MO, USA, 2019; pp. 25–39.
Wang, Y.; Niu, M.; Yin, S.; Zhang, F.; Shi, R. Nephroprotective effects of nebivolol in 2K1C rats through regulation of the kidney ROS-ADMA-NO pathway. Pharmacol. Rep. 2018, 70, 917–929.
Islam, M.A.; Al-Shiha, A. Foundations of Biostatistics; Springer: Singapore, 2018; ISBN 978-981-10-8627-4.
Naber, K.G. Efficacy and safety of the phytotherapeutic drug Canephron® N in prevention and treatment of urogenital and gestational disease: Review of clinical experience in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Res. Rep. Urol. 2013, 5, 39–46.
Gaybullaev, A.A.; Kariev, S.S. Effects of the herbal combination Canephron N on urinary risk factors of idiopathic calcium urolithiasis in an open study. Z. Phytother. 2013, 34, 16–20.
Scheckel, K.A.; Degner, S.C.; Romagnolo, D.F. Rosmarinic Acid Antagonizes Activator Protein-1–Dependent Activation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Human Cancer and Nonmalignant Cell Lines. J. Nutr. 2008, 138, 2098–2105.
