Analysis of Anatomical Factors Contributing to Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy (Literature Review)

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

С. В. Головко

Abstract

The objective: to conduct a thorough analysis of the main anatomical mechanisms underlying postprostatectomic urinary incontinence.

Collect evidence. The analysis of works published in PubMed and EmBAse on the topic of postprostratectomic urinary incontinence is performed. Initially, 212 papers were investigated. Animal studies, publications on operations for benign prostatic hyperplasia, analysis of the results of radio- and hormone therapy for prostate cancer were excluded from the review. Surgical aspects of postprostatectomic incontinence were also not considered in this work.

Synthesis of evidence. Numerous works emphasize the important influence of anatomical elements and pelvic support on the development of postprostatectomic urinary incontinence. Anatomical factors included the analysis of modern approaches to the structure of the urethral sphincter complex, the study of the supporting components of the membranous urethra, the role of fibrosis and neural structures, as well as the importance of urothelial features.

Conclusion. Anatomical support and pelvic innervation, as it turned out, are important factors in the etiology of postprostatectomic urinary incontinence. Taking into account the anatomical features of the urethral sphincter in combination with the additional study of the surgical aspects of postprostatectomic urinary incontinence can improve the level of continence in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy.

 

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

How to Cite
Головко, С. В. (2019). Analysis of Anatomical Factors Contributing to Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy (Literature Review). Health of Man, (1), 92–95. https://doi.org/10.30841/2307-5090.1.2019.172864
Section
Lectures and reviews

References

Ficarra V, Novara G, Rosen RC, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting urinary continence recovery after robot assisted radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 405-17.

Lepor H, Kaci L, Xue X. Continence following radical retropubic prostatectomyusing self-reporting instruments. J Urol 2004; 171: 1212-5.

Loughlin KR, Prasad MM. Post-prostatectomyurinary incontinence: a confluence of 3 factors. J Urol 2010; 183: 871-7.

Koraitim MM. The male urethral sphincter complex revisited: an anatomical concept and its physiological correlate. J Urol 2008; 179: 1683-9.

Stolzenburg JU, Kallidonis P, Hicks J, et al. Effect of bladder neck preservation during endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy on urinary incontinence. Urol Int 2010; 85: 135-8.

Soljanic I, Bauer RM, Becker AJ, et al. Is a wider angle of the membranous urethra associated with incontinence after radical prostatectomy? World JUrol 2014; 32: 1375-83.

Selli C, De Antoni P, Moro U, Macchiarella A, Glannarini G, Crisci A. Role of bladder neck preservation in the urinary continence following radical retropubic prostatectomy. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2004; 38: 32-37.

Steiner MS. The puboprostatic ligament and the male urethral suspensory mechanism: an anatomic study. Urology 1994; 44: 530-4.

Zhang C, Ding ZH, Li GX, Wang YN, Hu YF. Perirectal fascia and spacies: annulur distribution pattern arround the mesorectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2010; 53: 1315-22.

Richardson AC. The rectovaginal septum revisited: its relationship to rectocele and its importance to rectocele repair. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993; 36: 976-83.

Kirshner-Hermans R, Wein B, Niehaus S, Schaefer W, Jakse G. The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor to the understanding of urinary incontinence. Br J Urol 1993; 72: 715-8.

Gosling JA, Dixon GS, Critchley HO, Thompson SA. A comparative study of the human external sphincter and periurethral levator ani muscles. Br J Urol 1981; 53: 35-41.

Tan G, El Douaihu Y, Te AE, Tewari AK. Sientific and technical advances in continence recovery following radical prostatectomy. Exp Rev Med Dev 2009; 431-53.

De Ridder D, Rehder P. The Ad-Vance male sling: anatomic features in relation to mode of action. Eur J Suppl 2011; 10: 383-9.

Tan G, Jhaveri JK, Tevary AK. Anatomic restoration technique: a biomechanics-based approach for early continence recovery after minimally invasive radical prostatectomy. Urology 2009; 74: 492-496.

Hurtes X, Roupret M, Vaessen C, et al. Anterior suspension combined with posterior reconsruction during robotassisted laparoscopic prostatectomy improves early return of urinary continence: a prospective randomized multicetre trial. BJU Int 2012; 110:875-83.

Stolzenburg JU, Liatsikos EN, Rabenalt R, et al. Nerve sparing endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy-effect of puboprostatic ligament preservation on early continence and positive margins. Eur Urol 2006; 49: 103-11.

Schlomm T, Heinzer H, Steuber T, et al. Full functional-lenghth urethral sphincter preservation during radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2011; 60: 320-9.

Rocco F, Carmignani L, Acquati P, et al. Early continance recovery after open radical prostatectomy with restoration of the posterior aspect of the rhabdosphincter. Eur Urol 2007; 52: 376-83.

Nguyen MM, Kamoi K, Stein RJ, et al. Early continence outcomes of posterior musculofascial plate reconstruction during robotic and laparoscopic prostatectomy. BJU Int 2008; 101: 1135-9.

Kim IY, Hwang EA, Mmeje C, Ercolani M, Lee DH. Impact of posterior urethral plate repair on continence following robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Yonsei Med J 2010; 51: 427-31.

DeLancey JO. Sructural support of the urethra as it relates to stress urinary incontinence: the hammock hypothesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1713-20.

Burnett AL, Mostwin JL. In sity anatomical study of the male utethral sphincter complex: relevance to continence preservation following major pelvic surgery. J Urol 1998; 160: 1301-6.

Rehder P, Gozzi C. Transobturator sling suspension for male urinary incontinence including post-radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2007; 52: 860-6.

Gozzi C, Becker AJ, Bauer R, Bastian PJ. Early results of transobturator sling suspension for male urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2008; 54: 960-1.

Rehder P, Haab F, Cornu JN, Gozzi C, Bauer RM. Treatment of postprostatectomy male urinary incontinence with the transobturator retroluminal repositioning sling suspension: 3-year follow-up. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 140-5.

Suskind AM, DeLancey JOL, Hussain HK, Montgomery JS, Latini JM, Cameron AP. Dynamic MRI evaluation of urethral hypermobility post-radical prostatectomy. Neurourol Urodynam 2014; 33: 312-5.

Tuygun C, Imamoglu A, Keyik B, Alisir I, Yorubulut M. Significance of fibrosis around and/or at external urinary sphincter on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in patients with postprostatectomy incontinence. Urology 2006; 68: 1308-12.

Sacco E, Prayer-Galetty T, Pinto F, et al. Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: incidence of definition, risk factors and temporal trend in a large series with a long-term follow-up. BJU Int 2006; 97: 1234-41.

Tanagho EA, Schmidt RA, de Araujo CG. Urinary striated sphincter: what is it supply? Urology 1982; 20: 415-7.

Karam I, Droupy S, Abd-Alsamad I, et al. The precise location and nature of the nerves to the male humans urethra: histological and immunohistochemical studies with three-dimensional reconstruction. Eur Urol 2005; 48: 858-64.

Karam I, Moudouni S, Droupi S, Abd-Alsamad I, Uhl JF, Delmas V. The structure and innervation of the male urethra: histological and immunohistochemical studies with three-dimensional reconstruction. J Anat 2005; 206: 395-403.

Akita K, Sakamoto H, Sato T. Origins and courses of the nervous branches to the male urethral sphincter. Surg Radiol Anat 2003; 25: 387-92.

Murphy DG, Costello AJ. How can the autonomic nervous system contribute to urinary continence following radical prostatectomy? A “boston-like” conundrum. Eur Urol 2013; 63: 445-7.

Gosling JA, Dixon JS. The structure and innervation of smooth muscle in the wall of the bladder neck and the proximal urethra. Br J Urol 1975; 47: 549-58.

Strasser H, Bartsch G. [Anatomic basis for the innervation of the male pelvis]. Urologe A 2004; 43: 128-32.

Catarin MV, Manzano GM, Nobreda JA, Almeida FG, Srougi M, Bruschini H. The role of membranous urethra afferent autonomic innervation in the continence mechanism after nerve sparing radical prostaectomy: a clinical and prospective study. J Urol 2008; 180: 2527-31.

Ozdemir MB, Eskicorapci SY, Baydar DE, Cumhur M, Onderoglu S, Ozen H. A cadaver histological investigation of the prostate with three-dimensional reconstruction for better results in continence and erectile function after radical prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2007; 10: 77-81.

Kaye DR, Hyndman ME, Segal RL, et al. Urinary outcomes are significantly affected by nerve-sparing qualily during radical prostatectomy. Urology 2013; 82: 1348– 53.

Burkhard FC, Kessler TM, Fleischmann A, Thalmann GN, Schumacher M, Studer UE. Nerve sparing open radical prostatectomy-does it have an impact on urinary continence? J Urol 2006; 176: 189-95.

Marien TP, Lepor H. Does a nervesparing technique or potency affect continence after open retropubic prostatectomy? BJU Int 2008; 102: 1581-4.

Costello AJ, Brooks M, Cole OJ. Anatomical studies of the neuro-vascular bundle and cavernosal nerves. BJU Int 2004; 94: 1071-6.

Takenaka A, Murakami G, Matsubara A, Han SH, Fujisawa M. Variation in course of cavernosus nerve with special reference to details of topographic relationship near prostatic apex: histologic study using male cadavers. Urology 2005; 65: 136-42.

Nelson CP, Montie JE, McGuire EJ, Wedemeyer G, Wei JT. Intraoperative nerve stimulation with measurement of urethral sphincter pressure changes during radical retropubic prostatectomy: a feasibility study. J Urol 2003; 169: 2225-8.

Montorsi F, Salonia A, Suardi N, et al. Improving the preservation of the urethral sphincter and neurovascular bundles during open radical retropubic prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2005; 48: 938-45.

Park JM, Bloom DA, McGuire EJ. The guarding reflex revisited. Br JUrol 1997; 80: 940-45.